Polluted runoff is a problem in urban areas where much of the ground is covered with hard surfaces such as roofs, streets, parking lots and sidewalks.
Water flows quickly across hard surfaces, picking up pollutants --organic particles, pesticides, fertilizers, gas, oil and other types of residue-- before emptying into storm drains. Once in the storm sewer system, the water flows into local lakes, rivers, streams, and wetlands.
Water pollution control facilities can be overloaded during periods of heavy rain due to the large amount of impermeable hard surface. This can result in downstream sedimentation, erosion, and flooding.